Software Quality Assurance & Control
Quality Control
Software quality control involves the series of inspections and tests that ensures that the software under development meets all user requirements. Quality control also includes feedback from the user of the software so that it can be developed as required. The quality control activities can be fully automated. With the use of the automated tools like CASE tools the quality control can be achieved.
Quality Assurance
High Quality software is the main goal. Software quality refer to the conformance to explicitly defined user requirements and some implicit requirements which are unmentioned.
The SQA (software quality assurance ) group serves as the representative for the customer. The persons who perform SQA must have to look the software from the customer point of view.
Software quality assurance is composed of different kinds of tasks like assurance planning, oversight, analysis, record keeping and reporting. SQA groups are governed by the plans. The plans identifies :
Evaluations to be performed.
Reviews and audits to be performed.
Standards that are applicable to the project.
Procedures for error reporting and removing.
Documentation
Feedback
Laptops (Battery vs clockspeed issues)
Laptops, the portable equivalent of your desktop personal computers seem to be gaining popularity in the present era. Few years ago they used to come at a sizable price and are only affordable by those business persons who can’t do anything without a computer while traveling. They are also bulky and slow as compared to the now days laptop computers. The new age laptops are faster, more portable, lighter and cheaper than the laptops in the early times.
Many companies start producing Laptop like Dell, Hp, Toshiba, HCL, Compaq and many more. The competition with in these companies helps in faster growth in the technology of Laptops and also bring a huge cutout in their prices. As a result of low price and advanced features the demand of notebook pcs is increasing at a rapid rate. we can see a growing trend towards having a notebook as a valid desktop replacement
The price of Laptops vary depending upon what you need. One thing that is not good about laptops is that the compact nature of the laptop doesn’t lend it too much flexibility when there is a need to replace any system component. Every person using a Computer wants to upgrade it on regular basis so that the system matches the present requirements. It is very difficult to do thing with laptops. You have to replace the whole laptop but it is not always possible and beneficial for you. The other thing is that the majority of these notebooks will be used running off of their batteries, the trade-off will be either lower performance and extended battery life or minimum battery life and top performance.
Having a notebook with a processor running at 1GHz and a 15” TFT screen might give you bragging rights, but if you only use it to type up some documents or preparing some presentation you feel better with something simpler. The more MHz and the bigger the screen the quicker you’ll be running out of batteries.
In reality you have to compromise in selecting a higher clockspeed processor or bigger screen, but thereby cutting into your battery life. More the features provided by your laptops more is the power requirement and hence battery life decreases.
Notebook Processor
Many people believe that in Notebook computers the CPU is soldered on the motherboard and thus replacement or upgrade is impossible, but the real thing is that they can be replaced relatively easy. Not all notebooks come with proper documentation on how to disassemble the notebook and configure it for a new processor. But mostly all latest notebooks behave similar to a desktop computer and replacing the processor on the motherboard is also quite similar. When the processor is replaced the notebook automatically configure the parameters to match the new processor. This may not be possible be every notebook computer but depends upon the make and model of the notebook..
The other thing which should be kept under consideration is the cooling requirements of the new CPU. Suppose that a 1Ghz CPU is replaced on the place of a 566 Mhz CPU. Because of more clock speed the new CPU produce more heat but the cooling mechanism is unable to withstand that much heat and thus the CPU get burnt due to over heating. Also this new CPU extract more power from the battery and hence drains the battery faster. Here the idea is to go for low voltage version of Mobile CPUs.
A 750MHz Low-Voltage Mobile Pentium III CPU, offers a good combination of performance and low power drain.
If you have a Mobile Celeron notebook , I think you do want to upgrade it to Mobile Pentium III not only to enhance the speed but because of the step speed feature of this Notebook.. It lowers the clock speed and core voltage when running out of battery and poses a halt instruction when the CPU is not in use. Thus having a control over the power drain.
Database Concepts
Database is the collection of interrelated information. It is an organized collection of information such as a list of names and address, sales transaction, stock prices or employees information. The organized information or database serves as a base from which desired information can be retrieved, many meaningful conclusions can be drawn or decisions can be made by further reorganizing or processing this data. The dictionary is the most common example of database, where words are arranged alphabetically. The telephone directory is another example of database, where the names of telephone subscriber are arranged in alphabetic order. Similarly we come across various kinds of database in our daily life e.g. an office may have a database of the names, address, salaries, allowance and deduction etc. for the employees; a magazine publisher may have a database of subscriber.Some terms related to database are as follows :
DATA:- Data is define as the representation of facts, concepts or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication , interpretation or processing by human or electronic machine . Data is represented with the help of characters LIKE alphabets(a-z,A-Z),digits(0-9)or special characters(+,-,/,<,>,etc).
DATA FIELD OR ITEM:-A set of characters which are used together to represent a specific data elements are known as data field.RECORD:-A record is a collection of fields or it is the row in a giventable that express a specific objects with their properties.
INFORMATION:-The data that comes out after the processing on which the decision are take place is called informatiaon.
DATA PROCESSING:-The data processing is a process of converting a data into information on which the decisions can be taken. LIKE marks taken by a student on which he will be declare PASS or FAIL.
DATABASE has some following implicit properties
1) A database represents some aspect of real world called miniworld. Changes to miniworld are reflected in database.
2) A database is designed, built with data for specific purpose. It has an intended group of users.
3) A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(DBMS):-DBMS is the collection of interrelated data and set of procedure to access that data. It has programs to set the storage structure, load the data, accept data requests from programs and user, format the retrieved data according to the given condition, it also hides data that a particular user should not has access to,it also allows the concurrent use of data between the various users without having interface between each other and it also performs backup and recovery procedures automatically.
ADVANTAGES OF DBMS:-
1 It helps in eliminating redundant data from the table because records with same data items are not possible in a DBMS.
2 Data inconsistency can be prevented .
3 The data present in different files can be shared and can be collectively used to produce useful information.
4 Computer based DBMS provide search capabilities that helps in easy finding a particular record even from a big file.
5 It helps in integrating the data.
6 Using DBMS standards can be enforced.
DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS:-
1 Dbms Software Is Very Costly
2 It Requires Hardware Of High Cost
3 It Takes Time To Conversion
Notebook PCs
Technology is boosting at a rapid rate and any body who has bought a notebook quite ago wanted to upgrade it to a newer one which is more faster and advanced then the previous notebook. I also have the same feeling and i am looking for a new notebook something a tad bit faster. As I have to carry my notebook with me everywhere during working hours, it needs to be as well rounded as possible. Well the other things that I prefer in my notebook is that it should have a full sized keyboard, a DVD/RW drive, wide screen display having higher resolution preferably 1280 X 1024, 2-4 USB Ports WiFi feature to enhance connectivity and a splendid look.
But it doesn't stop there, I also want a notebook that's certified for Microsoft Windows XP. I don’t want to rely on a 3rd party drivers in which majority of features are locked and are not working properly . The notebook must have good, properly documented and updated online support from the manufacturer in terms of new firmware releases, bug fixes, new drivers and other information that concerns the notebook. And last but not least it needs to be durable, scratch resistant and able to survive in an office environment where it'll be used for almost 8-hours a day on a daily basis. That firmly puts my requirements in the business notebook category as those are usually able to offer all of the above whereas consumer notebooks don't.
What Things to consider while buying a laptopThe benefits of Notebook computers are huge. They are stylish, portable, business-friendly, and can now do almost anything a desktop can do. How different laptop models compare, however, is something that you should explore before buying the first one you see.
When inspecting new laptops at a store, it is always a good idea to consider their size and
weight, so as to discover which models are portable enough for your lifestyle. You may also be
concerned with the body material of the laptop. The material should be light and strong enough.
The commonly used materials are metal alloys or some kind of fibres etc. Here this thing A
constantly traveling mobile professional, for example, probably wouldn’t be interested in a
machine that weighed 8 lbs.
Another thing to think about is the ergonomic design of your notebook of choice. You should try
out the keyboard and touch pad before buying, to make sure you find it comfortable to work on.
As a rule, it is a good idea to find a machine that has at least two USB ports, as well as a
FireWire connection if you plan to make use of high-speed peripherals like CD burners.
It is also important to think about the specific features you want in a laptop computer. If you
frequently need to access the internet outside your home, for example, built-in Wi-Fi connectivity can be a real blessing. If you plan to use your computer for entertainment purposes, an integrated DVD player ,coupled with a relatively large screen resolution and integrated speakers with high quality sound is nice to have.
Overall, the process of buying a new laptop, or consumer electronics device of any kind, requires a great deal of thought. It is important to picture yourself using the device and think long and
hard about what features you will want and need.
Refurbished Laptops
Why Consider Refurbished LaptopsRefurbished laptops are PCs that have been bought new by a consumer and has been used between 1 day and 3 months(depending on the store). The customer returns the laptop to the store for any number of reasons. At this time the store cannot sell it "as new". It must be returned to the original manufacturer for refurbishing- which means, "to make bright, or fresh again, renovate". Most stores offer a 30 day money back guarantee and within that time period is when most of the laptops are returned for a refund and sent back to the manufacturer. Thus refurbished laptops are born.Refurbished laptops are not new, but the closest thing to it because most are within a couple of months old. Refurbished laptops will have fast processing speeds, mega system memory, newer Windows OS like XP and the most up to date technology.Big name companies like IBM, Dell, Compaq and others recondition notebook computers, but they don't put much effort into selling them. They focus on the new and latest technology computers and they spend a lot of money doing it. That's in part why new laptops cost more than refurbished.By purchasing refurbished laptops one doesn't have to pay for the latest technology and the new price. Someone else already paid for that and you get some awesome savings. Savings of more than half off the original list price.When refurbished laptops are reconditioned by the original manufacturer by trained professionals it's easy to assume you are getting the best mobile computer in the world. Top quality craftsmanship and detailed work go into each laptop computer because the big name companies stake their reputations on their product, new or refurbished.Here's what you get when buying refurbished laptops: fast speed, loads of system memory, updated software like XP, DVD-ROM or CD-ROM drives, updated technology and a cheap price. Refurbished laptops offer so much for so little. There is little need to worry about quality. Refurbished notebooks are tested and re-tested before leaving the shop. The technicians give each one a thorough test to make sure it functions as new.Refurbished laptops have been around for a long time and will remain so because people everywhere are catching on to the incredible savings. The need for a laptop is almost endless, but you can connect to the internet from almost anywhere, they replace big bulky equipment with lightweight equipment, take them to work, school or play. Imagine doing your homework at the beach, or doing your job at the park. Laptop computers make this possible and refurbished laptops enable great savings and value.
